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Articulation
refers to an individual's ability to accurately produce phonemes, or
speech sounds, and combine them into words. An articulation disorder is said to occur when
an individual is unable to produce the sounds of a language in a manner
acceptable to other users of the language. This inability is
typically due to faulty placement, timing, direction, pressure, speed, or
integration of the articulators (lips, tongue, jaw, velum, tongue,
and pharynx). |
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Some terms you might hear in relation to articulation include:
substitution - using one sound in place of another
omission - leaving out a sound
distortion - having difficulty producing a sound accurately
addition - including an extra sound
Phonology refers to the speech sound system of a
language. Phonological development refers to the emergence in
children of a properly organized speech sound system. It involves
three aspects:
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the way the sound is stored in the child's mind |
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the way the sound is actually said by the child |
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the rules or processes that map between the two |
Phonological processes are rules that children
use to simplify speech when attempting to use adult words. The use
of these rules is usually discontinued by the time a child reaches 5 years
of age. A developmental phonological disorder is a
language-based disorder said to occur when children continue using these
simplifying rules longer than is expected in typical speech sound
development.
Reference: Bowen, C. (1998). Children's speech
sound disorders: Questions and answers.
http://members.tripod.com/Caroline_Bowen/phonol-and-artic.htm#desc
School-based speech-language pathologists address
articulation and phonological disorders when they are deemed to have a
negative influence on the student's academic performance. The
websites listed below provide valuable information regarding articulation
and phonological disorders and a connection to many other parents of children who
display these issues. Also check out a number of sites
for your children to use that support articulation development in fun,
engaging ways at the "Cool Websites for Kids" link at the bottom of each
page. Click on "Articulation Games."
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Elimination of Phonological
Processes Table
http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/Table3.htm
Table outlines when the use of particular phonological processes is
typically abandoned |
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Innovative Therapists
International - Talk Tools
http://www.talktools.net/
Traditional speech therapy integrated with oral-motor therapy techniques
designed by Sara Rosenfeld-Johnson
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Intelligibility Table
http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/Table1.htm
Table outlines the level of intelligibility expected as young children
develop speech |
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Normal Phonetic Development
http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/Table4.htm
Table outlines when speech sounds are typically acquired |
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Phonological Processes
http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/Table2.htm
Table lists common phonological processes, with examples and descriptions |
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Therapy Ideas
http://home.comcast.net/~speechguide/sample.html
Therapy ideas and links relating to apraxia, articulation, AAC, autism,
fluency, language, pragmatics, and voice |
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Tongue Tie
http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/tonguetie.html
Everything you ever wanted to know about
"ankyloglossia," "shortened lingual frenum," or "tongue tie," including
description, potential effects, assessment, and intervention options that
include surgery and exercise |
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